NJIT CAMS Technical Report: Mixed-mode oscillations in single neurons

Rhythmic oscillations in the theta (4-12 Hz) and gamma (30 100 Hz) frequency bands have been recorded in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex, and have been implicated in cognitive processes including memory, spatial navigation and sleep (Buzsáki 2002, 2006; Kahana et al. 1999; O’Keefe and Recce 1993; Traub and Whittington 2010; Buzsáki and Wang 2010; Engel et al. 2003; Fries 2009; Singer and Gray 1995; Bragin et al. 1995; Montgomery and Buzsaki 2007). These network oscillations emerge from the cooperative activity of the participating neurons and network connectivity. Intrinsic subthreshold (membrane potential) oscillations (STOs) and MMOs at theta and gamma frequencies have been observed in various neuron types (Alonso and Llinás 1989; Dickson et al. 2000b,a; Leung and Yim 1991; Fransén et al. 2004; Schmitz et al. 1998; Yoshida and Alonso 2007; Bourdeau et al. 2007; Garćıa Munoz et al. 1993; Llinás et al. 1991). MMOs have been most notably investigated in stellate cells in layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex (Fransén et al. 1998; Fernandez and White 2008; Giocomo et al. 2007; Yoshida and Alonso 2007).